European Citizenship: How Expats Can Obtain an EU Passport

What Is European Citizenship?

European citizenship grants individuals the right to live, work, and travel freely within the EU. Expats living in the Netherlands may be eligible for Dutch nationality, which comes with full EU citizenship benefits.

Pathways to European Citizenship

1. Naturalization

Expats who have legally lived in the Netherlands for at least five years can apply for Dutch citizenship through naturalization. Requirements include:

• Holding a valid residence permit.
• Passing the Dutch civic integration exam (Inburgeringsexamen).
• Renouncing previous nationalities (with some exceptions).

2. Citizenship by Birth or Descent

Children born to Dutch citizens automatically receive Dutch nationality, even if born abroad. Some expats may qualify if they have a Dutch parent or grandparent.

3. Option Procedure (Optieprocedure)

In some cases, expats who have lived in the Netherlands for an extended period (e.g., former Dutch citizens, those born in the Netherlands) can acquire citizenship through a simplified procedure.

Benefits of European Citizenship

• Visa-free travel to over 180 countries.
• Right to live and work in any EU country.
• Access to EU education and healthcare systems.
• Stronger legal protections and consular support.

Applying for Dutch Citizenship

Applications are processed by the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND). The process typically takes several months, and applicants must meet strict criteria.

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